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Breed guides

Size, energy, grooming, health and what the puppy is like at eight weeks, for 329 breeds and 55 popular crosses.

Type
Group

Toy breeds (34)

Affenpinscher 3.2 to 4.5 kg · Moderate energy Biewer Terrier 1.8 to 3.6 kg · Moderate energy Bolognese 2.7 to 4.5 kg · Low energy Brussels Griffon 3.6 to 4.5 kg · Moderate energy Chihuahua Up to 2.7 kg · High energy Chinese Crested 3.6 to 5.4 kg · Moderate energy ChipooCross 1.8 to 6.8 kg · High energy Coton de Tulear 3.6 to 6.8 kg · Moderate energy English Toy Spaniel 3.6 to 6.4 kg · Moderate energy Havanese 3.2 to 5.9 kg · Moderate energy Italian Greyhound 3.2 to 6.4 kg · Moderate energy Japanese Chin 3.2 to 5 kg · Moderate energy Japanese Terrier 4.5 to 5.4 kg · Moderate energy Maltese Up to 3.2 kg · Moderate energy Manchester Terrier (Toy) Up to 5.4 kg · High energy Miniature Pinscher 3.6 to 4.5 kg · Very high energy MorkieCross 1.8 to 4.5 kg · Moderate energy Norfolk Terrier 5 to 5.4 kg · High energy Papillon 2.3 to 4.5 kg · High energy PeekapooCross 1.8 to 9.1 kg · Low energy PomapooCross 1.4 to 3.2 kg · Moderate energy PomchiCross Up to 3.2 kg · High energy Pomeranian 1.4 to 3.2 kg · Moderate energy Poodle (Toy) 1.8 to 2.7 kg · High energy Portuguese Podengo Pequeno 4.1 to 5.9 kg · High energy Prague Ratter Not published · Moderate energy Russian Toy Up to 2.9 kg · Moderate energy Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka 2.7 to 4.1 kg · Moderate energy Silky Terrier 4.5 kg · Moderate energy Tibetan Spaniel 4.1 to 6.8 kg · Moderate energy Toy Fox Terrier 1.8 to 4.1 kg · High energy Volpino Italiano 3.6 to 7.3 kg · Moderate energy Yorkshire Terrier 3.2 kg · High energy ZuchonCross 2 to 7 kg · High energy

Small breeds (72)

Alaskan Klee Kai 2.7 to 11.3 kg · Moderate energy American Eskimo Dog 2.7 to 15.9 kg · High energy American Hairless Terrier 5.4 to 12.7 kg · Moderate energy Australian Terrier 6.8 to 9.1 kg · Moderate energy Basenji 10 to 10.9 kg · High energy Beagle 9.1 to 13.6 kg · High energy BeaglierCross 4.5 to 10 kg · High energy Bedlington Terrier 7.7 to 10.4 kg · High energy Bichon Frise 5.4 to 8.2 kg · High energy Border Terrier 5.2 to 7 kg · Moderate energy Boston Terrier 5.4 to 11.3 kg · High energy Brazilian Terrier 10 kg · Very high energy Cairn Terrier 5.9 to 6.4 kg · Moderate energy CavachonCross 4.5 to 9.1 kg · Moderate energy Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 5.9 to 8.2 kg · Moderate energy CavapooCross 3.6 to 11.3 kg · Moderate energy Cesky Terrier 6.4 to 10.9 kg · Moderate energy ChiweenieCross 2.3 to 5.4 kg · Moderate energy ChorkieCross 3.5 to 6.5 kg · Moderate energy ChugCross 4.5 to 9 kg · High energy CockalierCross 4.5 to 12 kg · Moderate energy CockapooCross 6.8 to 10 kg · Moderate energy CorgipooCross 4.5 to 13.6 kg · Moderate energy Dachshund 5 to 14.5 kg · Moderate energy Dandie Dinmont Terrier 8.2 to 10.9 kg · Moderate energy Danish-Swedish Farmdog 6.8 to 9.1 kg · High energy DorgiCross Up to 13.6 kg · High energy DoxiepooCross 2.3 to 13.6 kg · Moderate energy FrenchtonCross 5.4 to 12.7 kg · Moderate energy HavapooCross 3.2 to 6.8 kg · Moderate energy Jack Russell Terrier 4.1 to 6.8 kg · Very high energy JackapooCross 4.1 to 6.8 kg · High energy Jagdterrier 7.7 to 10 kg · Moderate energy Japanese Spitz 4.5 to 11.3 kg · Moderate energy JugCross 5 to 10 kg · Moderate energy Lakeland Terrier 7.7 kg · Moderate energy Lancashire Heeler 4.1 to 7.7 kg · High energy Lhasa Apso 5.4 to 8.2 kg · Moderate energy Löwchen 6.8 kg · Moderate energy MalshiCross 4.1 to 7.3 kg · Moderate energy MaltipooCross 2.3 to 9.1 kg · Moderate energy Manchester Terrier (Standard) 5.4 to 10 kg · High energy Miniature Bull Terrier 8.2 to 12.7 kg · High energy Miniature Fox Terrier Up to 6 kg · High energy Miniature Schnauzer 5 to 9.1 kg · Moderate energy Mudi 8.2 to 13.2 kg · Very high energy Norwegian Lundehund 5.4 to 8.2 kg · Moderate energy Norwich Terrier 5.4 kg · High energy Parson Russell Terrier 5.9 to 7.7 kg · Very high energy Patterdale Terrier 5 to 6 kg · Very high energy Pekingese Up to 6.4 kg · Moderate energy PoochonCross 4 to 8.2 kg · Moderate energy Poodle (Miniature) 4.5 to 6.8 kg · High energy Pug 6.4 to 8.2 kg · Moderate energy PuggleCross 6.4 to 13.6 kg · High energy Rat Terrier 4.5 to 11.3 kg · High energy Schipperke 4.5 to 7.3 kg · Moderate energy Scottish Terrier 8.2 to 10 kg · Moderate energy Sealyham Terrier 10.4 to 10.9 kg · Moderate energy Shetland Sheepdog 6.8 to 11.3 kg · High energy Shiba Inu 7.7 to 10.4 kg · Moderate energy Shih Tzu 4.1 to 7.3 kg · Moderate energy Shih-PooCross 3.6 to 8.2 kg · Moderate energy ShorkieCross 3.2 to 7.3 kg · Moderate energy Smooth Fox Terrier 6.8 to 8.2 kg · High energy Teddy Roosevelt Terrier 3.6 to 11.3 kg · Moderate energy Tenterfield Terrier Not published · Moderate energy Welsh Terrier 9.1 kg · High energy West Highland White Terrier 6.8 to 9.1 kg · High energy WestiepooCross 9.1 to 15.9 kg · Moderate energy Wire Fox Terrier 6.8 to 8.2 kg · High energy YorkipooCross 1.8 to 6.8 kg · Moderate energy

Medium breeds (130)

American Cocker Spaniel 9.1 to 13.6 kg · High energy American Pit Bull Terrier 13.6 to 27.2 kg · High energy American Staffordshire Terrier 18.1 to 31.8 kg · Moderate energy American Water Spaniel 11.3 to 20.4 kg · Moderate energy AussiedoodleCross 18 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy Australian Cattle Dog 15.9 to 22.7 kg · Very high energy Australian Kelpie 15.9 to 22.7 kg · Very high energy Australian Shepherd 18.1 to 29.5 kg · Very high energy Australian Stumpy Tail Cattle Dog 14.5 to 20.4 kg · Very high energy Barbado da Terceira 20.9 to 27.2 kg · Very high energy Barbet 15.9 to 29.5 kg · Moderate energy Basset Bleu de Gascogne Not published · High energy Basset Fauve de Bretagne 10.4 to 17.7 kg · High energy Basset Hound 18.1 to 29.5 kg · Low energy Bavarian Mountain Scent Hound 16.8 to 29.9 kg · High energy Bearded Collie 20.4 to 24.9 kg · High energy Black Mouth Cur 15.9 to 27.2 kg · High energy Blue Lacy 13.6 to 22.7 kg · Very high energy Blue Picardy Spaniel 20.4 to 24.9 kg · Moderate energy Bohemian Shepherd 16.8 to 27.2 kg · High energy BoradorCross 18 to 29.5 kg · Very high energy Border AussieCross 13.6 to 29.5 kg · Very high energy Border Collie 13.6 to 24.9 kg · Very high energy BordoodleCross 13.6 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy BoxerdoodleCross 5.4 to 31.8 kg · High energy Boykin Spaniel 11.3 to 18.1 kg · High energy Braque du Bourbonnais 15.9 to 24 kg · High energy Braque Francais Pyrenean 18.1 to 24.9 kg · Very high energy Braque Saint-Germain 18.1 to 26.3 kg · Moderate energy Brittany 13.6 to 18.1 kg · Very high energy Bulldog 18.1 to 22.7 kg · Moderate energy Canaan Dog 15.9 to 24.9 kg · Moderate energy Cardigan Welsh Corgi 11.3 to 17.2 kg · High energy Carolina Dog 13.6 to 24.9 kg · Moderate energy Catalan Sheepdog 16 to 20 kg · High energy Chinese Shar-Pei 20.4 to 27.2 kg · Moderate energy Cirneco dell’Etna 8.6 to 12.7 kg · Moderate energy Croatian Sheepdog 13.2 to 20 kg · Moderate energy Deutscher Wachtelhund 18.1 to 24.9 kg · Moderate energy Drever 15.9 to 18.1 kg · High energy English Cocker Spaniel 11.8 to 15.4 kg · Moderate energy English Shepherd 18.1 to 27.2 kg · High energy English Springer Spaniel 18.1 to 22.7 kg · High energy Entlebucher Mountain Dog 18.1 to 29.5 kg · Very high energy Eurasier 18.1 to 31.8 kg · Moderate energy Field Spaniel 15.9 to 22.7 kg · Moderate energy Finnish Lapphund 15 to 24 kg · Moderate energy Finnish Spitz 9.1 to 15 kg · Very high energy French Bulldog Up to 12.7 kg · Moderate energy Galgo Español 20 to 29.9 kg · energy not published Gerberian ShepskyCross 18.1 to 27.2 kg · Very high energy German Pinscher 11.3 to 20.4 kg · Very high energy German Spitz 4.5 to 22.7 kg · High energy Glen of Imaal Terrier 14.5 to 18.1 kg · Moderate energy GoberianCross 15.9 to 34 kg · High energy Golden CorgiCross 10 to 34 kg · High energy Grand Basset Griffon Vendéen 18.1 to 20.4 kg · Very high energy Griffon Fauve de Bretagne Not published · Moderate energy Harrier 20.4 to 27.2 kg · High energy Hokkaido 20 to 29.9 kg · High energy Icelandic Sheepdog 11.3 to 13.6 kg · High energy Irish Terrier 11.3 to 12.2 kg · Moderate energy Kai Ken 11.3 to 18.1 kg · Moderate energy Karelian Bear Dog 20 to 22.2 kg · Moderate energy Keeshond 15.9 to 20.4 kg · High energy Kerry Blue Terrier 15 to 18.1 kg · High energy Kishu Ken 13.6 to 27.2 kg · Moderate energy Koolie 15 to 22.2 kg · High energy Korean Jindo Dog 13.6 to 22.7 kg · Moderate energy Kromfohrlander 9.1 to 15.9 kg · High energy Lagotto Romagnolo 10.9 to 15.9 kg · High energy LurcherCross 12 to 30 kg · Moderate energy Miniature American Shepherd 9.1 to 18.1 kg · Very high energy Mountain Cur 13.6 to 27.2 kg · Very high energy Murray River Retriever Not published · High energy Nederlandse Kooikerhondje 9.1 to 13.6 kg · High energy Norrbottenspets 9.1 to 13.6 kg · High energy Norwegian Buhund 11.8 to 18.1 kg · High energy Norwegian Elkhound 21.8 to 24.9 kg · High energy Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever 15.9 to 22.7 kg · Very high energy Pembroke Welsh Corgi 12.7 to 13.6 kg · High energy Peruvian Inca Orchid 3.9 to 24.9 kg · High energy Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen 11.3 to 18.1 kg · High energy Plott Hound 18.1 to 27.2 kg · High energy Polish Hunting Dog Not published · High energy Polish Lowland Sheepdog 13.6 to 22.7 kg · Moderate energy PomskyCross 5.4 to 15.9 kg · High energy Pont-Audemer Spaniel 15 to 21.8 kg · Moderate energy Poodle (Standard) 18.1 to 31.8 kg · High energy Portuguese Podengo 15.9 to 29.9 kg · High energy Portuguese Pointer 15.9 to 26.8 kg · Very high energy Portuguese Sheepdog 17 to 26.8 kg · High energy Portuguese Water Dog 15.9 to 27.2 kg · Very high energy Puli 11.3 to 15.9 kg · Moderate energy Pumi 10 to 13.2 kg · Very high energy Pyrenean Sheepdog (Smooth Faced) Not published · Very high energy Pyrenean Shepherd 6.8 to 13.6 kg · Very high energy Samoyed 15.9 to 29.5 kg · High energy Schapendoes 11.8 to 24.9 kg · High energy SchnoodleCross 9.1 to 27.2 kg · High energy Segugio Italiano 17.7 to 28.1 kg · Moderate energy Shikoku Ken 15.9 to 24.9 kg · Moderate energy Siberian Husky 15.9 to 27.2 kg · Very high energy Skye Terrier 15.9 to 20.4 kg · Moderate energy Slovensky Kopov 15 to 20 kg · Moderate energy Small Munsterlander 18.1 to 27.2 kg · High energy Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier 13.6 to 18.1 kg · High energy Spanish Water Dog 14.1 to 22.2 kg · High energy Sprocker SpanielCross 13 to 20 kg · High energy SproodleCross 18.1 to 31.8 kg · High energy Stabyhoun 18.1 to 27.2 kg · High energy Staffordshire Bull Terrier 10.9 to 17.2 kg · Very high energy Standard Schnauzer 13.6 to 22.7 kg · Moderate energy Sussex Spaniel 15.9 to 20.4 kg · Moderate energy Swedish Lapphund 13.6 to 20.4 kg · High energy Swedish Vallhund 9.1 to 15.9 kg · High energy Taiwan Dog 11.8 to 18.1 kg · Very high energy Texas HeelerCross 15.9 to 29.5 kg · Very high energy Thai Bangkaew 15.9 to 19.5 kg · Moderate energy Thai Ridgeback 15.9 to 34 kg · Moderate energy Tibetan Terrier 8.2 to 13.6 kg · High energy Treeing Tennessee Brindle 13.6 to 22.7 kg · Moderate energy Vizsla 20 to 27.2 kg · Very high energy Welsh Springer Spaniel 15.9 to 24.9 kg · High energy Whippet 11.3 to 18.1 kg · High energy WhoodleCross 13.6 to 31.8 kg · High energy Wirehaired Pointing Griffon 15.9 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy Working Kelpie 12.7 to 27.2 kg · Very high energy Xoloitzcuintli 4.5 to 24.9 kg · High energy Yakutian Laika 18.1 to 24.9 kg · Very high energy

Large breeds (116)

Afghan Hound 22.7 to 27.2 kg · High energy Airedale Terrier 22.7 to 31.8 kg · Moderate energy Akita 31.8 to 59 kg · High energy Alaskan Malamute 34 to 38.6 kg · High energy American Bulldog 27.2 to 45.4 kg · Moderate energy American English Coonhound 20.4 to 29.5 kg · High energy American Foxhound 27.2 to 31.8 kg · High energy American Leopard Hound 15.9 to 34 kg · High energy Appenzeller Sennenhund 21.8 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy Australasian Bosdog 26 to 35 kg · Moderate energy Azawakh 15 to 24.9 kg · Moderate energy Beauceron 31.8 to 49.9 kg · Very high energy Belgian Laekenois 24.9 to 29.5 kg · High energy Belgian Malinois 18.1 to 36.3 kg · High energy Belgian Sheepdog 20.4 to 34 kg · High energy Belgian Tervuren 20.4 to 34 kg · High energy Bergamasco Sheepdog 25.9 to 38.1 kg · Moderate energy Berger Picard 22.7 to 31.8 kg · High energy BernedoodleCross 27.7 to 45.4 kg · High energy Bernese Mountain Dog 31.8 to 52.2 kg · High energy Black and Tan Coonhound 29.5 to 49.9 kg · Moderate energy Bloodhound 36.3 to 49.9 kg · Moderate energy Bluetick Coonhound 20.4 to 36.3 kg · High energy Borzoi 27.2 to 47.6 kg · High energy Bouvier des Ardennes 22 to 35.2 kg · Very high energy Bouvier des Flandres 31.8 to 49.9 kg · High energy BoxadorCross 22.7 to 36.3 kg · High energy Boxer 22.7 to 36.3 kg · High energy Bracco Italiano 24.9 to 40.8 kg · High energy Braque d'Auvergne 22 to 28 kg · High energy Braque Francais Gascogne 24 to 32 kg · High energy Briard 24.9 to 45.4 kg · Moderate energy Bull Terrier 22.7 to 31.8 kg · High energy Calupoh 31.8 to 45.4 kg · Moderate energy Canadian Eskimo Dog 18.1 to 39.9 kg · Very high energy Cane Corso Not published · High energy Catahoula Leopard Dog 22.7 to 43.1 kg · Very high energy Central Asian Shepherd Dog 39.9 to 49.9 kg · Moderate energy Cesky Fousek 22 to 34 kg · Very high energy Chesapeake Bay Retriever 24.9 to 36.3 kg · High energy Chinook 22.7 to 40.8 kg · Moderate energy Chow Chow 20.4 to 31.8 kg · Moderate energy Clumber Spaniel 24.9 to 38.6 kg · Moderate energy Curly-Coated Retriever 27.2 to 43.1 kg · High energy Czechoslovakian Vlciak 20 to 25.9 kg · Very high energy Dalmatian 20.4 to 31.8 kg · High energy Doberman Pinscher 27.2 to 45.4 kg · Very high energy Dogo Argentino 36.3 to 45.4 kg · Very high energy Drentsche Patrijshond 24.9 to 33.1 kg · Moderate energy Dutch Shepherd 19.1 to 34 kg · Very high energy English Foxhound 27.2 to 34 kg · High energy English Setter 20.4 to 36.3 kg · Moderate energy Estrela Mountain Dog 34.9 to 59.9 kg · Moderate energy Flat-Coated Retriever 27.2 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy French Spaniel 22.7 to 27.2 kg · High energy German Longhaired Pointer 24.9 to 36.3 kg · High energy German Shepherd Dog 22.7 to 40.8 kg · Very high energy German Shorthaired Pointer 20.4 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy German Wirehaired Pointer 22.7 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy Giant Schnauzer 24.9 to 43.1 kg · Very high energy GoldadorCross 25 to 36 kg · High energy Golden Retriever 24.9 to 34 kg · High energy Golden ShepherdCross 22.7 to 40.8 kg · High energy GoldendoodleCross 22.7 to 40.8 kg · High energy Gordon Setter 20.4 to 36.3 kg · Very high energy Grand Bleu de Gascogne Not published · High energy Great Pyrenees 38.6 to 45.4 kg · Moderate energy Greenland Dog 27 to 47.5 kg · Very high energy Greyhound 27.2 to 31.8 kg · High energy Hamiltonstovare 18.1 to 34 kg · High energy Hanoverian Scenthound 35.8 to 44.9 kg · High energy Hovawart 29.5 to 40.8 kg · Moderate energy Ibizan Hound 20.4 to 22.7 kg · Very high energy Irish DoodleCross 22.7 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy Irish Red and White Setter 15.9 to 27.2 kg · Very high energy Irish Setter 27.2 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy Irish Water Spaniel 20.4 to 30.8 kg · Moderate energy Japanese Akitainu 24.9 to 34 kg · Moderate energy Komondor 36.3 to 45.4 kg · Moderate energy LabradoodleCross 22.7 to 34 kg · High energy Labrador Retriever 24.9 to 36.3 kg · Very high energy Lapponian Herder 31.8 kg · High energy Large Munsterlander 22.7 to 31.8 kg · High energy Maremma Sheepdog 35 to 52 kg · High energy New Zealand Huntaway 25 to 40 kg · Very high energy Old English Sheepdog 27.2 to 45.4 kg · Moderate energy Otterhound 36.3 to 52.2 kg · Moderate energy Pharaoh Hound 20.4 to 24.9 kg · High energy Pointer 20.4 to 34 kg · High energy Polish Tatra Sheepdog Not published · Moderate energy Porcelaine 24.9 to 28.1 kg · High energy Presa Canario 38.1 to 49.9 kg · Low energy Pudelpointer 20.4 to 31.8 kg · High energy Rafeiro do Alentejo 34.9 to 59.9 kg · Moderate energy Redbone Coonhound 20.4 to 31.8 kg · Moderate energy Rhodesian Ridgeback 31.8 to 38.6 kg · Moderate energy Romanian Carpathian Shepherd 31.8 to 45.4 kg · Low energy Rottweiler 36.3 to 61.2 kg · High energy Rough Collie 22.7 to 34 kg · Moderate energy Saluki 18.1 to 29.5 kg · High energy SheepadoodleCross 29.5 to 38.6 kg · High energy ShepadoodleCross 18.1 to 40.8 kg · Very high energy ShepradorCross 22.7 to 40.8 kg · Very high energy Sloughi 18.1 to 29.5 kg · High energy Slovakian Wirehaired Pointer 22.7 to 29.5 kg · High energy Slovensky Cuvac 30.8 to 44 kg · Moderate energy Smooth Collie 18 to 29.5 kg · Moderate energy Tibetan Mastiff 31.8 to 68 kg · Moderate energy Tornjak 28.1 to 49.9 kg · Moderate energy Transylvanian Hound 24.9 kg or more · Very high energy Treeing Walker Coonhound 22.7 to 31.8 kg · Very high energy Weimaraner 24.9 to 40.8 kg · Very high energy Wetterhoun 22.7 to 34 kg · energy not published White Swiss Shepherd Dog 25 to 40 kg · High energy Wirehaired Vizsla 20.4 to 29.5 kg · Very high energy Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog (Sharplanina) 30 to 45 kg · Moderate energy

Giant breeds (24)

Anatolian Shepherd Dog 36.3 to 68 kg · Moderate energy Black Russian Terrier 36.3 to 59 kg · High energy Boerboel 68 to 90.7 kg · Moderate energy Broholmer 40.8 to 68 kg · Low energy Bullmastiff 45.4 to 59 kg · High energy Caucasian Shepherd Dog 44.9 to 77.1 kg · Moderate energy Dogue de Bordeaux 44.9 to 49.9 kg · Moderate energy Fila Brasileiro 40.8 to 82.1 kg · High energy Great Dane 49.9 to 79.4 kg · High energy Greater Swiss Mountain Dog 38.6 to 63.5 kg · High energy Irish Wolfhound 47.6 to 54.4 kg · Moderate energy Kuvasz 31.8 to 52.2 kg · Moderate energy Landseer (European Continental Type) Not published · Moderate energy Leonberger 40.8 to 77.1 kg · Moderate energy Mastiff 54.4 to 104.3 kg · Moderate energy Neapolitan Mastiff 49.9 to 68 kg · Low energy Newfoundland 45.4 to 68 kg · Moderate energy Pyrenean Mastiff 54.4 to 86.2 kg · Low energy Romanian Mioritic Shepherd Dog 45.4 to 59 kg · Moderate energy Scottish Deerhound 34 to 49.9 kg · Moderate energy Spanish Mastiff 63.5 to 90.7 kg · Moderate energy St. Bernard 54.4 to 81.6 kg · Moderate energy Tosa 45.4 to 90.7 kg · Moderate energy Turkish Kangal Dog 40 to 60 kg · High energy

Size not published (8)

American Bully Not published · energy not published DorkieCross Not published · High energy Lucas Terrier Not published · Moderate energy Nenets Laika Not published · Moderate energy Old Danish Pointer Not published · Moderate energy Saarloos Wolfhond Not published · Moderate energy Silken Windhound Not published · Moderate energy Spinone Italiano Not published · Moderate energy

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How these guides are put together

384 guides: every breed the American Kennel Club lists, plus the ones only The Kennel Club, Dogs Australia, the Canadian Kennel Club or Dogs New Zealand recognise, and 55 popular crosses. Every figure has a source, and anything nobody publishes is left blank rather than guessed.

How to read them

Weight and height ranges come from kennel club breed standards, which describe the show ring ideal. A healthy pet dog can sit slightly outside them. Lifespans are typical ranges, not guarantees. Health notes list conditions the breed is known to be predisposed to, which is not the same as saying your dog will get them: it is a list of things worth asking a breeder about and worth checking on an insurance policy.

Where a breed is prone to a condition with a screening test, ask the breeder for the test results for both parents in writing. A breeder who cannot produce them is not a breeder you want.

The good with children and good with other dogs ratings are the American Kennel Club's own one to five scores for the breed. They describe a tendency across thousands of dogs, not a promise about yours. Every dog needs supervision around young children, and every dog needs socialisation, whatever their breed scores. Where a figure says "Not published" it means no club or veterinary source we could find publishes one, and we would rather leave it blank than invent it.

Countries of origin come from the FCI breed nomenclature where the FCI lists the breed, and from the breed's own kennel club page where it does not. The FCI records the country the breed was developed in, which is sometimes not the country it is named after.

About the 55 crosses

A cross is not a standardised breed. No kennel club publishes a standard for a Cavoodle, so there is no official weight or height to quote, and two puppies from the same litter can land in different places. The figures on those pages are typical observed ranges, and the health list is the combined list from both parent breeds, because a cross can inherit either side. Hybrid vigour is not a guarantee of anything: ask for the same parent health tests you would ask a purebred breeder for.

Breed photographs are from Wikimedia Commons. Photographers and licences are on the photo credits page.